Main Difference
The main difference between Shirt and Jacket is that the Shirt is a garment for the upper body and Jacket is a clothing for the upper body.
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Shirt
A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body (from the neck to the waist).
Originally an undergarment worn exclusively by men, it has become, in American English, a catch-all term for a broad variety of upper-body garments and undergarments. In British English, a shirt is more specifically a garment with a collar, sleeves with cuffs, and a full vertical opening with buttons or snaps (North Americans would call that a “dress shirt”, a specific type of “collared shirt”). A shirt can also be worn with a necktie under the shirt collar.
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Jacket
A jacket is a mid-stomach–length garment for the upper body. A jacket typically has sleeves, and fastens in the front or slightly on the side. A jacket is generally lighter, tighter-fitting, and less insulating than a coat, which is outerwear. Some jackets are fashionable, while others serve as protective clothing.
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Shirt (noun)
An worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.
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Shirt (noun)
a member of the shirt-wearing team.
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Shirt (verb)
To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as if with a shirt.
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Jacket (noun)
A piece of clothing worn on the upper body outside a shirt or blouse, often waist length to thigh length.
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Jacket (noun)
A piece of a person’s suit, beside trousers and, sometimes, waistcoat; coat US
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Jacket (noun)
A removable or replaceable protective or insulating cover for an object (e.g. a book, hot water tank.)
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Jacket (noun)
A police record.
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Jacket (noun)
In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reinforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.
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Jacket (noun)
The tough outer skin of a baked potato.
“Cook the potatoes in their jackets.”
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Jacket (verb)
To enclose or encase in a jacket or other covering.
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Shirt (noun)
a garment for the upper body made of cotton or a similar fabric, with a collar and sleeves, and with buttons down the front
“tonight he’s smartly dressed in shirt and tie”
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Shirt (noun)
a garment similar to a shirt, made of stretchable material and typically having a short row of buttons at the neck, worn as casual wear or for sports
“a rugby shirt”
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Shirt (noun)
used to refer to membership of a particular sports team
“Smith increased his chances of a Great Britain shirt with a penalty shot save”