Republic vs. Empire

By Jaxson

Main Difference

The main difference between Republic and Empire is that the Republic is a form of government where head of state is elected and Empire is a geographically extensive group of states and peoples united and ruled either by a central authority or a central figure

  • Republic

    A republic (Latin: res publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a “public matter”, not the private concern or property of the rulers. The primary positions of power within a republic are not inherited, but are attained through democracy, oligarchy or autocracy. It is a form of government under which the head of state is not a hereditary monarch.In the context of American constitutional law, the definition of republic refers specifically to a form of government in which elected individuals represent the citizen body and exercise power according to the rule of law under a constitution, including separation of powers with an elected head of state, referred to as a constitutional republic or representative democracy.As of 2017, 159 of the world’s 206 sovereign states use the word “republic” as part of their official names – not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor is the word “republic” used in the names of all nations with elected governments. While heads of state often tend to claim that they rule only by the “consent of the governed”, elections in some countries have been found to be held more for the purpose of “show” than for the actual purpose of in reality providing citizens with any genuine ability to choose their own leaders.The word republic comes from the Latin term res publica, which literally means “public thing,” “public matter,” or “public affair” and was used to refer to the state as a whole. The term developed its modern meaning in reference to the constitution of the ancient Roman Republic, lasting from the overthrow of the kings in 509 B.C. to the establishment of the Empire in 27 B.C. This constitution was characterized by a Senate composed of wealthy aristocrats and wielding significant influence; several popular assemblies of all free citizens, possessing the power to elect magistrates and pass laws; and a series of magistracies with varying types of civil and political authority.

    Most often a republic is a single sovereign state, but there are also sub-sovereign state entities that are referred to as republics, or that have governments that are described as “republican” in nature. For instance, Article IV of the United States Constitution “guarantee[s] to every State in this Union a Republican form of Government”. In contrast, the former Soviet Union, which described itself as being a group of “Republics” and also as a “federal multinational state composed of 15 republics”, was widely viewed as being a totalitarian form of government and not a genuine republic, since its electoral system was structured so as to automatically guarantee the election of government-sponsored candidates.

  • Empire

    An empire is a sovereign state functioning as an aggregate of nations or people that are ruled over by an emperor or another kind of monarch. The territory and population of an empire is commonly of greater extent than the one of a kingdom.An empire can be made solely of contiguous territories, such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Russian Empire, or of territories far remote from the homeland, such as a colonial empire. Aside from the more formal usage, the word empire can also refer colloquially to a large-scale business enterprise (e.g. a transnational corporation), a political organisation controlled by a single individual (a political boss), or a group (political bosses). The word empire is associated with such other words as imperialism, colonialism, and globalization. Empire is often used to describe a displeasure to overpowering situations.An imperial political structure can be established and maintained in two ways: (i) as a territorial empire of direct conquest and control with force or (ii) as a coercive, hegemonic empire of indirect conquest and control with power. The former method provides greater tribute and direct political control, yet limits further expansion because it absorbs military forces to fixed garrisons. The latter method provides less tribute and indirect control, but avails military forces for further expansion. Territorial empires (e.g. the Mongol Empire and Median Empire) tend to be contiguous areas. The term, on occasion, has been applied to maritime empires or thalassocracies (e.g. the Athenian and British empires) with looser structures and more scattered territories.

Wikipedia
  • Republic (noun)

    A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor; a country with no monarchy.

    “The United States is a republic; the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy.”

  • Republic (noun)

    A state, which may or may not be a monarchy, in which the branches of government are separate.

Wiktionary
  • Republic (noun)

    a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

  • Republic (noun)

    a group with a certain equality between its members

    “the community of scholars and the republic of learning”

  • Empire (noun)

    an extensive group of states or countries ruled over by a single monarch, an oligarchy, or a sovereign state

    “the Roman Empire”

  • Empire (noun)

    supreme political power over several countries when exercised by a single authority

    “he encouraged the Greeks in their dream of empire in Asia Minor”

  • Empire (noun)

    absolute control over a person or group.

  • Empire (noun)

    a large commercial organization owned or controlled by one person or group

    “her business empire grew”

  • Empire (noun)

    an extensive sphere of activity controlled by one person or group

    “each ministry, each department had its own empire, its own agenda and worked to protect its turf”

  • Empire (adjective)

    denoting a style of furniture, decoration, or dress fashionable chiefly during the First Empire in France. The decorative style was neoclassical but marked by an interest in Egyptian and other ancient motifs.

  • Empire (adjective)

    denoting produce from the Commonwealth.

Oxford Dictionary

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