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Cheer
Cheering involves the uttering or making of sounds and may be used to encourage, excite to action, indicate approval, or welcome.
The word cheer originally meant face, countenance, or expression, and came through Old French into Middle English in the 13th century from Low Latin cara, head; this is generally referred to the Greek καρα;. Cara is used by the 6th-century poet Flavius Cresconius Corippus, Postquam venere verendam Caesilris ante caram (In Laud em Justini Minoris). Cheer was at first qualified with epithets, both of joy and gladness and of sorrow; compare She thanked Dyomede for ale … his gode chere (Chaucer, Troylus) with If they sing … tis with so dull a cheere (Shakespeare, Sonnets, xcvii.). An early transference in meaning was to hospitality or entertainment, and hence to food and drink, good cheer. The sense of a shout of encouragement or applause is a late use. Defoe (Captain Singleton) speaks of it as a sailor’s word, and the meaning does not appear in Johnson.
Of the different words or rather sounds that are used in cheering, “hurrah”, though now generally looked on as the typical British form of cheer, is found in various forms in German, Scandinavian, Russian (ura), French (hourra). It is probably onomatopoeic in origin. The English hurrah was preceded by huzza, stated to be a sailors word, and generally connected with heeze, to hoist, probably being one of the cries that sailors use when hauling or hoisting. The German hoch, seen in full in Hoch lebe der Kaiser, &c., the French vive, Italian and Spanish viva, evviva, are cries rather of acclamation than encouragement. The Japanese shout banzai became familiar during the Russo-Japanese War. In reports of parliamentary and other debates the insertion of cheers at any point in a speech indicates that approval was shown by members of the House by emphatic utterances of hear hear. Cheering may be tumultuous, or it may be conducted rhythmically by prearrangement, as in the case of the Hip-hip-hip by way of introduction to a simultaneous hurrah. The saying “hip hip hurrah” dates to the early 1800s. Nevertheless, some sources speculate possible roots going back to the crusaders, then meaning “Jerusalem is lost to the infidel, and we are on our way to paradise”. The abbreviation HEP would then stand for Hierosolyma est perdita, “Jerusalem is lost” in Latin.
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Root
In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. Roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is,
growing up above the ground or especially above water. Furthermore, a stem normally occurring below ground is not exceptional either (see rhizome). Therefore, the root is best defined as the non-leaf, non-nodes bearing parts of the plant’s body. However, important internal structural differences between stems and roots exist.
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Cheer (noun)
A cheerful attitude; gaiety; mirth. from 14thc.
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Cheer (noun)
That which promotes good spirits or cheerfulness; provisions prepared for a feast; entertainment.
“a table loaded with good cheer”
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Cheer (noun)
A cry expressing joy, approval or support such as “hurray”. from 18thc.
“A cheer rose from the crowd.”
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Cheer (noun)
A chant made in support of a team at a sports event.
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Cheer (noun)
One’s facial expression or countenance. 13th-19thc.
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Cheer (noun)
One’s attitude, mood. from 14thc.
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Cheer (noun)
Cheerleading.
“I’m going to wear my new cheer shoes at cheer today.”
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Cheer (verb)
To gladden; to make cheerful; often with up.
“We were cheered by the offer of a cup of tea.”
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Cheer (verb)
To infuse life, courage, animation, or hope, into; to inspirit; to solace or comfort.
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Cheer (verb)
To applaud or encourage with cheers or shouts.
“The crowd cheered in support of the athletes.”
“The crowd cheered the athletes.”
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Root (noun)
The part of a plant, generally underground, that anchors and supports the plant body, absorbs and stores water and nutrients, and in some plants is able to perform vegetative reproduction.
“This tree’s roots can go as deep as twenty metres underground.”
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Root (noun)
A root vegetable.
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Root (noun)
The part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place.
“Root damage is a common problem of overbrushing.”
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Root (noun)
The part of a hair under the skin that holds the hair in place.
“The root is the only part of the hair that is alive.”
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Root (noun)
The part of a hair near the skin that has not been dyed, permed, or otherwise treated.
“He dyed his hair black last month, so the grey roots can be seen.”
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Root (noun)
The primary source; origin.
“The love of money is the root of all evil.”
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Root (noun)
Of a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.
“The cube root of 27 is 3.”
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Root (noun)
A square root (understood if no power is specified; in which case, “the root of” is often abbreviated to “root”).
“Multiply by root 2.”
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Root (noun)
A zero (of an equation).
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Root (noun)
The single node of a tree that has no parent.
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Root (noun)
The primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Inflectional stems often derive from roots.
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Root (noun)
A word from which another word or words are derived.
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Root (noun)
The fundamental tone of any chord; the tone from whose harmonics, or overtones, a chord is composed.
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Root (noun)
The lowest place, position, or part.
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Root (noun)
In UNIX terminology, the first user account with complete access to the operating system and its configuration, found at the root of the directory structure; the person who manages accounts on a UNIX system.
“I have to log in as root before I do that.”
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Root (noun)
The highest directory of a directory structure which may contain both files and subdirectories.
“I installed the files in the root directory.”
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Root (noun)
A penis, especially the base of a penis.
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Root (noun)
An act of sexual intercourse.
“Fancy a root?”
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Root (noun)
A sexual partner.
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Root (verb)
To fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots; to take root and begin to grow.
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Root (verb)
To be firmly fixed; to be established.
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Root (verb)
To break into a computer system and obtain root access.
“We rooted his box and planted a virus on it.”
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Root (verb)
To turn up or dig with the snout.
“A pig roots the earth for truffles.”
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Root (verb)
To seek favour or advancement by low arts or grovelling servility; to fawn.
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Root (verb)
To rummage; to search as if by digging in soil.
“rooting about in a junk-filled drawer”
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Root (verb)
To root out; to abolish.
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Root (verb)
To have sexual intercourse.
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Root (verb)
To grow roots
“The cuttings are starting to root.”
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Root (verb)
To prepare, oversee, or otherwise cause the rooting of cuttings
“We rooted some cuttings last summer.”
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Root (verb)
To cheer (on); to show support (for) and hope for the success of. See root for. late 19th century
“I’m rooting for you, don’t let me down!”
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Cheer (verb)
shout for joy or in praise or encouragement
“she cheered from the sidelines”
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Cheer (verb)
praise or encourage with shouts
“the cyclists were cheered on by the crowds”
“MPs rose to cheer the Chancellor”
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Cheer (verb)
give comfort or support to
“he seemed greatly cheered by my arrival”
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Cheer (verb)
make or become less miserable
“I asked her out to lunch to cheer her up”
“he cheered up at the sight of the food”
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Cheer (noun)
a shout of encouragement, praise, or joy
“a tremendous cheer from the audience”
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Cheer (noun)
cheerfulness, optimism, or confidence
“an attempt to inject a little cheer into this gloomy season”
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Cheer (noun)
food and drink provided for a festive occasion
“they had partaken heartily of the Christmas cheer”
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Root (noun)
the part of a plant which attaches it to the ground or to a support, typically underground, conveying water and nourishment to the rest of the plant via numerous branches and fibres
“root growth”
“cacti have deep and spreading roots”
“a tree root”
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Root (noun)
the persistent underground part of a plant, especially when fleshy and enlarged and used as a vegetable, e.g. a turnip or carrot
“you should never wash roots before storing”
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Root (noun)
any plant grown for its root
“roots like beet and carrot cannot be transplanted”
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Root (noun)
the embedded part of a bodily organ or structure such as a hair, tooth, or nail
“her hair was fairer at the roots”
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Root (noun)
the part of a thing attaching it to a greater or more fundamental whole; the end or base
“a little lever near the root of the barrel”
“they disappeared from sight behind the root of the crag”
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Root (noun)
the basic cause, source, or origin of something
“money is the root of all evil”
“jealousy was at the root of it”
“the root cause of the problem”
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Root (noun)
family, ethnic, or cultural origins
“it’s always nice to return to my roots”
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Root (noun)
denoting or relating to something from a particular ethnic or cultural origin, especially a non-Western one
“roots music”
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Root (noun)
(in biblical use) a scion; a descendant
“the root of David”
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Root (noun)
a morpheme, not necessarily surviving as a word in itself, from which words have been made by the addition of prefixes or suffixes or by other modification
“many European words stem from this linguistic root”
“the root form of the word”
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Root (noun)
the fundamental note of a chord
“in the sequence the roots of the chords drop by fifths”
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Root (noun)
a number or quantity that when multiplied by itself, typically a specified number of times, gives a specified number or quantity.
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Root (noun)
short for square root
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Root (noun)
a value of an unknown quantity satisfying a given equation
“the roots of the equation differ by an integer”
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Root (noun)
a user account with full and unrestricted access to a system
“I need to log in as root on my system to resolve an issue”
“make sure that these files can only be accessed by the root user”
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Root (noun)
an act of sexual intercourse.
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Root (noun)
a sexual partner of a specified ability.
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Root (noun)
an act of rooting
“I had a root through the open drawers”
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Root (verb)
cause (a plant or cutting) to grow roots
“root your own cuttings from stock plants”
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Root (verb)
(of a plant or cutting) establish roots
“large trees had rooted in the canal bank”
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Root (verb)
establish deeply and firmly
“vegetarianism is rooted in Indian culture”
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Root (verb)
have as an origin or cause
“the Latin verb is rooted in an Indo-European word”
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Root (verb)
cause (someone) to stand immobile through fear or amazement
“she found herself rooted to the spot in disbelief”
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Root (verb)
gain access to the root account of (a smartphone or computer)
“we explained how to manually root almost any Android device”
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Root (verb)
have sexual intercourse with.
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Root (verb)
exhaust (someone) or frustrate their efforts
“grab a pew—you must be rooted”
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Root (verb)
(of an animal) turn up the ground with its snout in search of food
“stray dogs rooting around for bones and scraps”
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Root (verb)
search unsystematically through an untidy mass or area; rummage
“she was rooting through a pile of papers”
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Root (verb)
find or extract something by rummaging
“he managed to root out the cleaning kit”